Natural Cholera Infection-Derived Immunity in an Endemic Setting

Insights from natural infection-derived immunity to cholera instruct vaccine efforts.

Diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 (and occasionally O139) remains a notable disease burden in much of the developing world, affecting several million individuals and leaving an estimated toll of 100,000 deaths annually (52). Outbreaks with unacceptably high case fatality rates continue to occur in areas of extreme poverty, overcrowding, and poor sanitary conditions, often accompanying natur...

Natural immunity to rotavirus infection in children.

Annual deaths in infants and young children due to rotavirus (RV) infection are around 100,000 in India and about 600,000 globally. Development of a vaccine for this disease is a high priority. The protective mechanisms for RV diarrhea in human are not fully understood, but it is known that children develop natural immunity against RV. Early exposure to RV results in most severe episode of diar...

Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique.

We conducted a study to assess the feasibility and the potential vaccine coverage of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban endemic neighbourhood of Beira, Mozambique. The campaign was conducted from December 2003 to January 2004. Overall 98,152 doses were administered, and vaccine coverage of the target population was 58.6% and 53.6% for the first and sec...

Cell-mediated immunity during natural measles infection.

Natural measles causes prolonged depression of cell-mediated immunity yet little is known as to how the infection influences lymphocyte function. Therefore, we studied the properties and function of lymphocytes during and after measles. The number and proportion of circulating thymus-derived lymphocytes was low during the acute stage of measles, and at this time 37% of these cells showed positi...

Comparison of living vaccines in producing immunity against natural brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats in Iran